2:19.4. Fördraget mellan Sverige
och England 6 januari 1700
Whereas, the most Serene and Potent Prince and Lord, Charles XII..,
King of the Swedes, Goths and Vandals, Great Prince of Finland, Duke of Schonen, &c.,
and the Most Serene and Most Potent Prince and Lord, William III., King of Great Britain,
France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., for the demonstration and greater
confirmation of a more intimate and mutual amity and sincere friendship, and for the
augmenting and promoting the happiness and safety of the said Kings, their kingdoms and
subjects, have thought fit that the former treaties, concluded between the renowned
Kingdoms of Sweden and Great Britain, and the Kings, predecessors of the aforesaid Kings,
shall be reassumed, renewed and amended. Therefore his Sacred Royal Majesty of Sweden, for
the perfecting of so wholesome a work, has legally constituted and given sufficient power
and instructions to the most illustrious and excellent Lord, Nicholas, Free Baron of
Lillieroot, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the said Majesty to the States
General of the United Provinces and his Sacred Royal Majesty of Great Britain, the most
illustrious and excellent Lord, Sir Joseph Williamson, Knt., one of his Majesty's most
Honourable Privy Council and his Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, who, after
they had met and produced and exchanged their full powers at the Hague and held several
conferences for that purpose, and after a mature consideration and examination of things
in so weighty an affair, have agreed and consented to take for a basis and foundation the
Treaty, concluded at Stockholm the 1st March, 1665, upon condition that forthwith and
without any loss of time, a negotiation shall be entered upon at Stockholm by the
Commissioners of both parties concerning those things which relate to the Commerce of both
kingdoms and their subjects, and which make a part of the aforesaid Treaty of 1665 ; but,
as to what concerns the mutual friendship, good correspondence and safety, the said Treaty
made in 1665 shall be entirely confirmed and strengthened by this present Treaty, together
with some additions and alterations, as by the following articles is more at large
provided and concluded:-
(1.) There shall be between his Majesty of Sweden
and the Kings, his heirs and sucessors, on one side, and his Majesty of Great Britain and
the Kings, his heirs and sucessors, on the other, and their respective kingdoms and
dominions, provinces, islands, territories, colonies, towns, villages, people, citizens
and inhabitants and all their subjects and vassals whatsoever which are now, or hereafter
shall be, as well in Europe as out of Europe, in all places both by sea and at land and
fresh waters, a sincere, constant and perpetual friendship, alliance and good
correspondence, so as that neither of the said Kings shall do any wrong to one another, or
either of them to their respective kingdoms, provinces, colonies (wheresoever situate),
and subjects, nor consent nor suffer any to be done by others, but shall show to one
another a sincere affection and all manner of kindness and good will.
(2.) Both of the allies, their heirs and
successors, shall be obliged carefully to cultivate and promote the interest and honour of
each other, to discover and give early notice, as soon as it may come to their knowledge,
of any imminent dangers, conspirations and hostile contrivances that may threaten either
of the confederates, and as much as in them lies, oppose them and prevent and hinder them
by their advice and power. And, therefore, neither of the allies shall by himself, or by
any other wahatsoever act, treat or endeavour any thing that may be to the prejudice or
damage of the other, their territories or dominions, in any places by sea and land, nor to
favour in the least his enemies or rebels to the detriment of the other ally, nor to admit
or receive any rebels and traitors into their countries much less to give or afford them
any council, assistance or favour, nor suffer the same to be given them by their subjects,
people or inhabitants.
(3.) And, that the aforesaid friendship and good
correspondence may be daily cultivated to greater advantage and for the profit and benefit
of both Kings, their kingdoms and subjects, and, that their safety may the better be taken
care of and provided for, it is agreed on both sides, that the Most Serene and Most Potent
Kings, and the Kingdoms of Sweden and Great Britain, shall be most closely united by a
particular Defensive Treaty, as by these presents they are joined in a most firm alliance
and oblige themselves to defend each other, their kingdoms, dominions, provinces, states
and subjects in possession of their rights, liberties, navigation and commerce, as well in
the Baltic Sea, the Sound and Belt, as in the North Sea, The Western British Seas commonly
called the the Channel, as also the privileges and prerogatives of either of the
confederates, which they claim as well by contracts and allowed customs, as by the law of
nations and hereditary rights, against all invaders, aggressors and disturbers by sea and
land in Europe, as is more particularly declared hereafter.
(4.) If it, therefore, should happen that his
Majesty, the Kings, his heirs and successors, and the Kingdom of Sweden is invaded,
infested and disturbed in Europe by any king, prince, state or republic, one rebel or more
or any malicious persons, one or more, in the kingdoms, countries, provinces, islands or
dominions, as well within as without their kingdoms, as also in the countries in Germany
belonging to the Kings and Kingdom of Sweden, as also in the possession of their
prerogatives, privileges and independent rights, or shall any other way whatsoever be
disturbed and molested in the liberty of navigation and commerce in the aforesaid seas and
narrow seas ; his Majesty of Great Britain, the Kings, his heirs and successors, shall be
obliged, after a previous due demand, to assist the King and Kingdom of Sweden, the Kings,
his heirs and successors, against such aggressors, disturbers and rebels, with an army
consisting of six thousand foot, upon the conditions and in the manner as hereafter shall
be more at large declared.
(5.) In like manner, if it should happen that his
Majesty of Great Britain, the Kings, his heirs and successors, and the Kingdoms of Great
Britain, should be invaded, infested or disturbed in Europe by any king, prince, state,
republic, rebel, one or more, or any malicoius person, one or more, in his kingdoms,
countries, provinces, islands and dominions belonging to the Kings and Kingdom of Great
Britain and the rights thereto appertaining, or any otherwise molested and hindered in the
freedom of navigation and commerce in the aforesaid seas and narrow seas, the King of
Sweden, the Kings, his heirs and successors, and the Kingdom of Sweden, shall be obliged
to assist his majesty of Great Britain, the Kings, his heirs and succesors, after due
requistion and demand, with an army consisting of six thousand foot, upon the conditions
and in the manner as hereafter shall be specified.
(6.) And, mention being made in the 2nd article of
rebel or rebels, both allies have thought it necessary further to explain hereby the said
term, viz., That whosoever is declared a rebel or traitor by letter sent by either of the
confederates to the other, he of the confederates to whom the letter shall so be sent,
shall immediately repute the declared rebel as such, and whatsoever has been agreed on by
this Treaty to be done against the rebels of each other shall be put in execution.
(7.) But, before the auxiliary troops are sent, the
sufferer shall acquaint the other ally with the violence and injury done him, and then
both confederates shall endeavour to persuade the invader or disturber, in a friendly
manner, to desist from such violence and injury that it may not be necessary to take up
arms. But, if the offender is so obstinate that by a friendly way he cannot be brought to
an equitable agreement, and, therfore, the injured and wronged ally is obliged to have
recourse to force in his own defence, in order to prevent any further disturbance, then
shall the aforesaid troops be sent without delay, and shall not be withdrawn till entire
satisfaction is given to the party offended, because in such case, he that by injuries
forces another to stand upon his lawful defence, is to be reputed the aggressor.
(8.) The aforesaid auxiliary forces shall be sent
within four months to be reckoned from the first day of the notification given or demand
made, or sooner if possible, and that the demandant shall desire it, (although at the same
time the ally called upon is employing his good offices in consequence of this Treaty
towards a friendly accomodation), and brought into a place where there is a convenient
harbour and of easy access, which the demander of the succours shall name, and they shall
there be maintained at the charge of him that sends them till a peace is obtained, or as
long as he that desires them shall think them useful and necessary for him, yet so as the
demander in the meantime shall take care that the said auxiliary forces may have
provisions and all other necessaries for food and clothing in his countries at reasonable
rates and as his own troops are furnished.
(9.) It shall, however, be left to the choice of
either ally, and especially to him that requires the succour, whether he will have the
above-mentioned army entire, or only part of it in soldiers or warlike preparation,
ammunition, provision, ships and such things as are necessary to fit them out, making an
estimate of 4,000 dollars a month for every thousand men as long as the war lasts, and the
Commissioners of both parties shall, without delay, fairly agree upon such an estimate.
(10.) But if, by reason of some danger, the
auxiliary troops cannot come without opposition to the place where they are to be employed
by the demander, both confederates shall be obliged to use their endeavours to facilitate
and secure their passage, and the party required shall have leave to to put the said
troops under the command of an officer of his own, and that they may, as far as the state
of the war will permit, remain together in one body, which is to be understood, that they
shall not be separated into places too remote one from the other, but the commander or
general appointed for the said auxiliary forces, shall in the actions of the war be
subject to the military command of the party to whom the succour is sent, or his chief
general, and whatever relates to the march of the troops, the method of acting, or any
other accidental things whatsoever, shall be so ordered as is usual in war ; and, where
auxiliary forces are employed, the like shall be observed, if it should happen that ships
should be sent in the place of land soldiers, which ships being in the nature of
auxiliaries shall be obliged to carry the flag of that party that desires them.
(11.) But, if it should fall out that by reason of
the greatness of the danger, the forces agreed on should not be sufficient, as in case the
aggressor should receive assistance from some of his confederates, then each of the allies
shall be obliged, being beforehand desired in due manner, to succour the party wronged
with greater force, such as he can conveniently and safely bring together, both by sea and
land, but, in that case, the particular manner of the assistance shall be treated of
between the confederates as soon as may be, according to the nature and exigency of
affairs.
(12.) It shall be also unlawful to either of the
confederates and their subjects to bring their men-of-war into each others' ports to
winter there, stay and enjoy the immunities and privileges of the said ports ; provided
that those who are not common enemies be not molested within the ports, or at the entrance
of them, whereby trade to the said ports might be hindered or destroyed. And the said
confederate Kings having reciprocally agreed to enter into a particular negotiation at
Stockholm concerning navigation and commerce, the same shall be forthwith proceeded in and
concluded there without delay. In the meantime and until the said negotiation be finished,
the articles of the Treaty of Alliance, concluded at London, in the year 1661, concerning
navigation and commerce shall remain in full force, as if they were inserted here word for
word.
(13.) But those things which are recited in the
beginning of the foregoing article, shall in no wise be granted to the enemies of either
of the confederates, nor shall it be lawful for the subjects of either of them to give
assistance to the enemies of the other, to the prejudice and disadvantage of his
confederate, neither shall they serve them in any manner either by sea or land as soldiers
or mariners, and this shall be forbidden them under the severest penalties.
(14.) This present Treaty of Alliance, concluded
between the Most Serene Kings of Great Britain and Sweden, shall not in any way lessen the
prerogative, rights and dominions of the seas of either of the confederates, that is to
say the dominions of the King of Great Britain in those seas commonly called the British
Seas, and the dominion of the King of Sweden in the Baltic Sea, but each of the
confederate Kings shall retain all the premises, with all their dependencies for the
future, in the same manner as they do now, and shall freely enjoy the same without any
molestation, which yet is to be understood on both sides with a saving to this present
Treaty of Alliance.
(15.) When the party required shall in the
aforesaid manner have sent the succours, or have saitisfied his obligation according to
this Treaty, it is necessary that care should be taken of him and of his safety, and,
therefore, it is agreed on both sides that, if the confederate who sends the succours,
which are are to be under the command of the demandant, shall be permitted to remain in
the condition of an auxiliary, and that by reason of the succours lent, he be not involved
himself in the war, no treaty of peace or truce shall be concluded, or even any long
cessation of arms that may be hurtful to the other confederate, shall be made without his
being included and secured thereby, but, if by reason of of the succours lent, he should
be engaged in an open war with the aggressor or any other whatsoever, then neither of them
shall, without the advice and consent of others, enetr into any preliminary or principal
treaty with the enemy or enemies, but all things shall be done and treated by joint
negotiation, communication and council, until a sufficient security and due satisfiction
be fully given by common consent to each of the confederates. In the first place, that
confederate who was first engaged in the war shall not be permitted to change the war for
peace, before the other confederate, who, by virtue of the Treaty of Alliance has given
assistance to his confederate, be indemnified in all things by the enemy, or at least
fully restored to his former state which he enjoyed or of right ought to have enjoyed,
before the war began, in case his state and condition had suffered any detriment from the
enemy or by the ensuing war.
(16.) This condition is expressly added to what is
aforesiad concerning the giving assistance at the request of the confederate, that, if it
happen that either of the confederate Kings be called upon shall be engaged in a war
against the common enemy or be attacked by any other neighbouring king, prince, or state
in his own kingdoms and provinces, so as the person required takes the same for a real
war, for diverting of which the demandant himself would otherwise by virtue of this
Alliance be obliged to send succours, then the other confederate who is so attacked shall
not only be freed during that invasion with which he is oppressed from giving the promised
succours, but also, if any of his auxiliary troops have, at the request of the other
confederate, been sent before the invasion, he may, after notice thereof three months
before, recall hem for the defence of himself and his kingdoms.
(17.) And, although the confederates are obliged to
send succours to each other in the manner before mentioned, yet that obligation shall by
no means be extended so far as that therefore all friendship and mutual commerce with the
enemies of the other confederate and their subjects should be immediately broken off and
prohibited. For the case happening that one of the confederates, although he has upon
notice given sent his succours, should not himself be involved in the war, his subjects
and people shall have the freedom of trade and navigation with the enemies of that
confederate who is at war, and they shall be likewise permitted to carry directly to the
enemy with safety, all sorts of goods that are not expressly prohibited and called
contraband as shall be agreed more particularly in a special treaty of commerce hereafter
to be made.
(18.) And wheras it seems necessary, for preserving
the freedom of navigation and commerce in the Baltic Sea, that there should be a firm and
strict friendship and agreement between the Most Serene and Powerful Kings of Sweden and
Denmark, of glorious memory, who reigned at that time, did not only reciprocally oblige
themselves by the public convention of peace, made in the camp before Copenhagen, the 27th
May, 1660, and by the ratifications thereof exchanged on both sides faithfully and
inviolably to observe all and every the articles and clauses comprehended in the said
conventions, but also did declare a little before the Treaty of Alliance between England
and Sweden, concluded in the year 1665, to the the Most Serene and Powerful prince,
Charles II, King of Great Britain, of glorious memory, then reigning, that they would
sincerely and bonâ fide stand to the conditions, and all and every the articles
of pacification often before mentioned, and that they would not in the least recede from
the tenor of the said conventions, made at the camp near Copenhagen, the 27th May, in the
year 1660, with all and every the articles, parts and clauses of those conventions, in a
special instrument of guarantee, a little after the conclusion of the Swedish and English
Treaty of Alliance, made the 1st day of March, 1665, namely on the 9th day of October in
the same year, and declared himself protector and guarantee of those conventions and every
the articles comprehended therein, to all which, when a later Treaty of Peace was added
between those Serene and Powerful Kings of Sweden and Denmark, concluded at Lunden, in
Schonen, which contains an express repetition and confirmation of the transactions of
Roschild, Copenhagen and Westphalia. Therefore, the Most Serene and Powerful King of Great
Britain, by virtue of this Alliance, binds himself and promises on the word of a King,
that if, contrary to expectation, either of the Kings shall presume, either by himself or
others, privately to contrive and design or openly undertake by any disturbance, injury or
force of arms, anything to the prejudice of all the conventions or one or more of the
articles contained therein, and consequently to the detriment of the persons, provinces,
territories, islands, effects, dominions and rights, which by the conventions, so often
mentioned and made in the camp near Copenhagen, the 27th of May, in the year 1660, and
afterwards at Stockholm, the 3rd day of July, in the same year, concerning the exchange of
the Island of Bornholme, as also the Peace since made at Lunden, in Schonen, in the year
1679, were given to everyone of the parties comprehended in the said conventions, then the
Most Serene and Powerful King of Great Britain, for the mutual and constant preservation
of the friendship between both Kings of Sweden and Denmark, or the principals concorned in
the conventions, shall first by his interposition amicably deploy all the good offices of
a confederate King, which may conduce to the observance of the often repeated conventions
and every the articles contained therein, and consequently the preservation of the peace
between both Kings. And, if afterwards he of the two Kings who is author of such
prejudices, or of any molestation and injury committed against the aforesaid convention,
or any article contained therein, being warned of it, will not desist from those
prejudicial attempts, and the violation of the conventions, the Most Serene and Powerful
King of Great Britain, as surety and gurantee of those conventions of peace and all and
every the articles contained therein, shall, by virtue of this Alliance and Engagement,
assist the injured party, so far and in such manner as is concluded and agreed in such
case by this present Convention between the Kings of Great Britain and Sweden.
(19.) Moreover, there shall be for the future a
stricter alliance and union between the aforesaid Kings of Great Britain and Sweden for
the defence and preservation of the evangelical and reformed religion of the Protestants
and of all things relating thereunto, which, with the Divine assistance, they do, by these
presents, promise and oblige themselves to maintain, protect and preserve.
(20.) And whereas, both the aforesaid Kings do
hereby own themselves to be still engaged by some other conventions and alliances formerly
made with others, which they are also willing duly to observe according to the meaning of
those conventions, but that they are no ways bound at this time be these conventions, or
any the clauses contained therein, which may, or can in the least weaken or obstruct this
Alliance, and, therefore, that the mutual faith of the confederates and their steadiness
in this society may the more appear, and that the minds of their subjects and friends may
be settled, both the aforesaid Kings do mutually oblige themselves and declare, that they
will sincerely and faithfully observe all and singular the articles of this Alliance, and
not depart in the least from the genuine and common sense of the aforesaid articles under
any pretence of advantage, friendship, former alliance, convention and promise, or any
colour whatsoever, but that they will most readily, effectually and fully put in execution
by themselves, or their ministers and subjects, ass occasion shall require, all things
which they have promised in this Treaty, and without any limitation, exception or excuse,
excepting only those things which are expressed in the foregoing articles of this Treaty
of Alliance.
(21.) This Treaty of Defensive Alliance shall last
eighteen years, before the end of which, the confederate Kings may again treat touching
the further continuance thereof, if they find it convenient.
(22.) And wheras these Conventions have been
concluded by virtue of the powers and orders given on both sides, so ought they to be
approved and ratified in due and solemn form by their Sacred Royal Majesties, the Kings of
Great Britain and Sweden, and the instruments of ratification shall be exhibited, viz.,
the English instrument to his Sacred Majesty the King of Sweden's Minister, at London ;
and the Swedish instrument to his Sacred Majesty of Great Britain's Minister, at
Stockholm, within the space of two or three months from the time of the signing thereof,
or sooner, if it be possible.
For the greater certainty and confirmation of the premises, two
copies of this Treaty are made ; one of which the aforesaid Ambassador Extraordinary of
his Sacred Majesty of Sweden has signed ans sealed at the Hague, and the other the
aforesaid Ambassador Extraordinary of his Sacred Majesty of Great Britain has signed and
sealed at London,
and that on one and the same day, viz., 6/16 of Janr., in the year
1700.
(L. S.) N. LILLIEROOT (L. S.) J. WILLIAMSON
The Manuscripts of the House of Lords
Vol. IV (new series), 1699-1702
London, 1908
s. 240-247 |